ANNAD AHMED' 2nd sem Present Perfect

Present Perfect
HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]
EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie many times

I have never seen that movie

الاستخدامات

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an
unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You
CANNOT use the Present Perfect with time expressions such as
"yesterday," "one year ago," "last week," "when I was a chlid," "when I
lived in Japan," "at that moment," "that day" or "one day." We CAN use
the Present Perfect with expressions like "ever," "never," "once,"
"many times," "several times," "before," "so far," "already" and "yet."

:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie twenty times

I think I have met him once before

There have been many earthquakes in California

؟Has there ever been a war in the United States

Yes, there has been a war in the United States

People have traveled to the moon

(USE 2 Duration From Past Until Now (Non-continuous Verbs
With Non-continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs,
we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past
and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks" and
"since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present
Perfect.


:EXAMPLES


I have had a cold for two weeks


She has been in England for six months


Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl



ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect



:EXAMPLES


Many tourists have visited that castle. ACTIVE


That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE



Present Perfect Continuous


يتكون زمن الضارع التام المستمر من

[HAS / HAVE] + [BEEN] + [VERB+ing]



:EXAMPLES


I have been waiting here for two hours


She has only been studying English for two years

استخداماته

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

يستخدم زمن المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان


We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in
the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes", "for two
weeks", and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with
the Present Perfect
Continuous

EXAMPLES


They have been talking for the last hour


She has been working at that company for three years


James has been teaching at the University since June


USE 2 Recently, Lately

يستخدم زمن الضارع التام المستمر بدونفتره زمنيه الاعطاء معني اشمل و اعم.

و نستخدم عامه في هذه الحاله تعبيرات مثل lately( مؤخرا)

You can use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as
"for five minutes", "for two weeks", and "since Tuesday". Without the
durations, the this tense gives a more general meaning of "lately". We
often use the words "lately" or "recently" in the sentence to
strengthen this meaning


:EXAMPLES

Recently, I have been feeling really tired


She has been watching too much television lately

Mary has been feeling a little depressed

ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect Continuous

:EXAMPLES

Recently, John has been doing the work. ACTIVE


Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE

ملحوظه: زمن المضارع التام المستمر نادرا ما ياتي بصيغه الغير مباشر

NOTE: Present Perfect Continuous is rarely used in its passive form


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